Powerful Techniques for Professional Research Paper Format That You Can Use Starting Immediately

Powerful Techniques for Professional Research Paper Format That You Can Use Starting Immediately The Advantages of Professional Research Paper Format The research paper outline will help to clarify the topic of the research paper, guide the subject matter to remain on course, and helps to begin the writing of the true research paper. When you submit your paper, be certain to keep a safe copy. No matter the character of your research, if you're writing a paper an outline can help you to not just organize your thoughts, but in addition function as the template for your whole paper. When you're writing your research paper's introduction, you ought to be building it around a particular outline that supplies a general review of the paper. Most scientists read the title and abstract to determine whether they ought to go through the whole paper. A research paper that concerns scientific issues isn't only a free-style essay where you're able to tell readers whatever you desire. After you have located a report, examine the reference section to find different studies cited in the guide. You might also want to suggest more research or comment on things that it wasn't possible that you discuss in the paper. Choosing Professional Research Paper Format The more points you would like to include, the more elaborate outline you'll ever have. In case it exceeds, say, 3 pages, you may want to break this up by including another section that covers the crucial details for one or more of the above mentioned aspects. You may include as many details as you desire. Point out the primary thesis you're covering and add different details into subheadings. Next, you can think of an even greater idea for a thesis. You compose an ou tline to make sure you don't miss a few important thoughts and that everything is well-structured. Every thought should be relevant and concise. There is no simple answer as there are many aspects. The Professional Research Paper Format Trap In the event you doubt that you are able to deal with the job, be sure to search for expert assistance. Don't use the margins or compose a change under the line it affects. You will be amazed at how many times a paper can be made better if you merely have a stand or a position and argue for a particular position. For the purpose, the exact same instructions about how to compose a research paper suggest using simple grammar structures, active voice and so forth. To compose the text citations is vital because it gives the authentication of your research. Therefore, if you're expected to compose any sort of academic or professional papers, it's very likely that you're going to be asked to adhere to either APA or MLA standards. How to mak e an APA research paper outline If it's necessary to write employing the APA format, you should adhere to the general rules of making the outline. The format to be used is related to the topic that you have chosen. So, first of all, a college research paper has to be informative. There are a number of good references to aid you with research methodology and technical writing. As the title of the writing implies you should conduct the research in the certain region of knowledge. You need to pick a trusted service of assignment writing to finish your thesis paper. No matter whichever one that you opt to use, you have to be consistent throughout your essay. It is preferable to use total sentence outline structure, if your paper ought to be formatted in MLA. After you decide upon your thesis, you should be sure to put it in the ideal spot the previous sentence of the very first paragraph. Thus, your thesis is genuinely a statement which goes through three stages. Who Else Wa nts to Learn About Professional Research Paper Format? Research Paper isn't a task for a single day. You'll quickly learn whether the paper you're replicating faithfully communicates the info you must reproduce the study. When using Kaltura for your recording, you can record a video or utilize audio only in the event that you do not own a camera on your PC. Utilizing the APA format also enables the writer to further develop their writing abilities. Other individuals prefer the usage of staples. Begin by looking over the notes you made during the research procedure and consider how you wish to present all your ideas and research. In the event you need assistance with research paper outline or some help with academic writing, don't hesitate to use our expert services. Keep notes To answer your research question you have to have used a good deal of materials together with applied several techniques.

The Developmental Period Of Adolescence - 940 Words

It is my belief that one of the best ways to encourage and support our adolescent men and ladies is to focus on the issues that are plaguing them during this developmental period by providing them with opportunities to openly discuss their concerns in a gender-specific, safe, trusted environment. Although this can be important for all people at any developmental period, it is especially important for adolescents for several reasons. First, the developmental period of adolescence is the transitional period from childhood to adulthood where humans begin to form their own opinions about the world. As a result, adolescents tend to question everything they were taught as children and test boundaries as they attempt to derive their own conclusions about the world. This makes it difficult for adolescents who have been taught to â€Å"honor thy father and thy mother† to have open and honest conversations with parents without coming across as disrespectful or defiant. Therefore, i t is of critical importance that adolescents build trusting relationships with other adults in which they can confide for their own spiritual, mental, and physical safety. Second, during this time of questioning what they have previously learned, adolescents are preoccupied with developing their own identities. As much as they do not want to be different for fear of getting bullied, adolescents really desire to create their own unique identities and have them to be accepted by their peers. As adolescentsShow MoreRelatedAdolescence : Literature Review1463 Words   |  6 PagesAdolescence is a time period when a child is trying to become its own person and eventually an adult. It’s a time period when a lot of changes are occurring. Whether it’s through their education moving from middle school to high school or changes within their brain as they age. Adolescents are going through puberty, hormonal changes and experimenting with different social groups within their s ociety. The culture and the social aspects of a society can shape an adolescent into an adult, whether itRead MoreAdolescent And Their Concept Of Self1584 Words   |  7 PagesAdolescence is a time when one breaks away from the sheltering they have been accustomed to as a child, and there is a great sense of maturing as they prepare for adulthood. It is during this time, between 12 and 18 years of age, when dynamic changes occur. Adolescents not only experience profound physical change during this period – they also undergo a revolution in the way they think. This essay focuses on the adolescent and their concept of self, with a discussion of the predictable and unpredictableRead More The Developing Adolescent Essay1402 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopmental theories are a group of ideas, assumptions, and generalizations that interpret and illuminate the thousands of observations that have been made about human growth. In this way, developmental theories provide a framework for explaining the patterns and problems of development (Berger, 2008 p33). Adolescence represents one of the most critical developmental periods in life. It is a time of profound changes on all levels. The importance of both family and peers during these years is alsoRead MoreEssay on Developmental Issues That Come with Emerging Adulthood901 Words   |  4 PagesTopic- Developmental issues that come with emerging adulthood (Transition from adolescence to young adulthood) Adolescence is the transitional period in a persons life time that links childhood and adulthood. The factors that influence development during adolescence include genetic/biological and environmental/social. There are many developmental issues that take place during the transition from an adolescent to a young adult. The issues of emerging adulthood(18-25) are characterized by new experiencesRead MoreBecoming A New Parent Can Be One Of The Hardest Yet Rewarding1428 Words   |  6 Pagesmost important responsibility that you have. Quickly will you realize that there are endless factors that can affect the psychological development of your children especially at the significant stage of mental human growth and development known as adolescence. Having so many forms of communication, the most popular of these are social media and texting. Now, as humans, if we do too much of anything, it obviously cannot be healthy for us; However, the situation is even more dire because this is such Read MoreCognitive Control And Social Control Essay897 Words   |  4 PagesAdolescence is categorized by psychological changes in relation to identity, self-consciousness, and relationships with others (Sebastian, C., Burnett, Blakemore, S. J., 2008). There are two major aspects when it comes to adolescence: cognitive control and social control. The cognitive control focuses more on supervisory functions such as our working memory, decision making, self-consciousness, and attention distribution; while, the social control supports the individual being more sociable, formingRead MoreThe Development Of An Individual And The Aspects Within Psychology1566 Words   |  7 PagesPrior to Developmental Psychology, the summarized articles will indicate the development of an individual and the aspects within psychology. Developmental Psychology is the study of the way a human change over time throughout their life. Individuals face many issues and problems throughout their life that coul d possible affect their physically, emotionally, and mentally growth. As a parent and child develop individually, many skills and behaviors increase and decrease. In this case, communicationRead MoreAnalysis Of Eriksons Eight Stages Of Development734 Words   |  3 Pages1. Tell me about the developmental crisis of each of the eight stages. Psychologist Erik Erikson developed his eight stages of development to clarify the developmental challenges faced at various times in people’s lives. Stage-based theories of development were extremely popular during Erikson’s era. However, Erikson’s theory differs from other popular theories in that a person does not have to successfully complete one stage of development to move on to the next stage of development. Erikson’sRead MoreLearning Styles And Sociocultural Influences On Child And Adolescent Development1641 Words   |  7 Pageshow these developmental theories analyses and helps us to understand the behaviour of child and adolescents. I will also try to explain about the domain of development such as physical, cognitive, emotional and social. https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2015/oct/19/is-adolescent-risk-taking-vital-for-our-species There are so many examples of child and adolescent behaviour is reported in the media on a daily basis. Such behaviour can be linked to a variety of different developmental theoriesRead MoreApplying Theory1698 Words   |  7 PagesApplication of Attachment Theory †¢ Attachment theory explanation of issue occurrence at adolescent stage CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION Adolescence is a phase that human beings go through before reaching adulthood. At this point of your life, you go through exciting and dramatic physical and mental changes. I remember this period vividly. Adolescents often ask themselves questions about whether or not other kids will like them in school, will they be accepted for what they are, what

Bank of America

Question: Write an essay on Bank of America? Answer: Introduction Company Background Based in San Francisco, Bank of America is the third largest banking institution in the U.S. One of worlds largest financial institutions, the bank serves individual customers, large corporations and small and medium enterprises including banking, investment, financial and risk management and asset management services. With sixteen major operating subsidiaries, twenty one holding companies, around six thousand retail banking offices and eighteen thousand ATMs, the bank serves a customer base of around fifty nine million (Avraham et al, 2012). They have award-winning internet banking services and millions of mobile banking customers and held a net income of 4.8 billion dollars for the calendar year 2014 (Bank of America, 2015). The Bank of America Corporation stocks are listed in the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE: BAC). The bank serves the customers through operations in over forty countries offering industry leading to support to small businesses and trade across a broad range of ass et classes serving governments, institutions and individuals around the world. Key Business Tasks Supported Bank of America involves three key capabilities operationally, IT services, Business Process and Knowledge Services and throughout America encompass technology and banking operations and support processes including credit cards, savings accounts, loans, investment management, wealth management, tax planning, retirement services, trust and concentrated stock strategies. Key Business Users Supported Bank of America provides individuals, businesses, and investors the financial help and services required to fulfill their goals. Their key business users include small businesses, fast growing companies and large MNCs and they help them in services including capital raising and advisory. They are among the thirteen banks pledged to the small businesses administration and the White House to increase small business lending. The General Architecture The Bank exhibits a divisional corporate hierarchy where large sections of the corporation are segregated into semi-autonomous bodies. The groups are assigned to various field of service headed by an executive officer or Vice-President (Theofficialboard, 2015). It helps the bank perform well in all sections because each group is focused on a single service resulting in an increase in productivity. Business Decisions Driving the Decision for a Data Warehouse The decision for a data warehouse was made in order to address new business initiatives requiring enterprise information analysis. The Corporate Investment Group that manages the banks available-for-sale portfolio and is also responsible for calculating and modeling the PD (Probability of Default) and assessment of loan losses and other services, in order to reduce the processing time for credit-risk modeling, loss forecasting, scoring, and ad hoc analysis time decided to have a data warehouse. Key Business Objectives The key objective was efficient forecasting to provide solution addressing the problems the business faced today while ensuring it was flexible for future use. Another key objective was reducing process time for credit-risk modeling which needed processing of large, multi-terabyte data sets rapidly and efficiently. Expected Benefits Efficient forecasting, reduction in the probability of loan defaults in the bank by reducing the calculating time, reduction in processing time for projects, minimizing losses and efficient handling of new business portfolios. Training/Education Required A computer Engineer or graduate or post-graduate from related field with training in data modeling and obtaining data for large enterprise data warehouse, data warehouses SDLC training, Meta data management knowledge, ORACLE SQL, Ab initio tools and BPMN (Business Process Modeling Notation). A Teradata certified professional, one of the most highly recognized certifications in the industry helps in improving overall productivity of a Big Data warehousing team. Outside Services used during Implementation In order to meet the benefits expected, Bank of America moved processing to a new dedicated platform, IBMs XIV storage system and 112-core IBM BladeCenter Grid. The platform comprises the banks SAS for Enterprise Risk Management on SAS scalable performance data server and SAS Grid Computing. Data from eight SORs (System of Records) are pulled by the platform amounting millions of records and thirty terabytes of source dat. This allows the SAS environment to consume from IBMs XIV storage environment, 3.9 GB of input output per second. Was the Project a Success? In my perspective, yes the project is a success. According to two of the Vice Presidents of the bank, this platform has been a game changer for them. It helps them access and filter millions of rows of data easily and has enabled efficient forecasting. It offers a concise solution merging functions together right from predictive modeling, creating interactive dashboard, forecasting and presenting data that has resulted in increased efficiency and smarter use of time available (Sas.com, 2015). The Pain the Company would feel if the Key System Failed for 3 hours Malfunctioning of data warehouses can cause data loss which the bank can definitely not afford. It affects the entire concept. System failure would affect the process of storing large amount of data and analyzing. It becomes more difficult to work with the data. Also, the interruption of data analysis may not yield accurate information. Major Success Factors The major success factor is the ability of the system to reduce banks calculation of PD from ninety six hours to just four hours. Also, time reduction by ninety percent in process of ad hoc analysis and the speed of processing has increased by three times compared to the previous environment. The process of scoring particular business portfolios that earlier too three hours has been reduced to ten minutes now so the bank has more time to analyze more data and concentrate on more business portfolios. Major Risk Factors Analyzing and storing of heavy volumes of data requires large amounts of software and hardware infrastructure. The reliability of these systems is questionable and over a period of time hardware malfunctions can lead to loss of important data. Back-up data saved in a separate system helps reduce risk. On the other hand, software malfunctions may cause inaccurate results which could affect the processes that depend on this information. It also requires skilled personnel. Lessons Learned Companies are largely looking towards IT solutions for storing and analyzing large and complex data which poses a great challenge to large corporations. The data warehousing helps them in increasing their efficiency by reducing the time taken for processing. Enhancements to the System Forecasting loss quickly and accurately could go a long way in helping a bank. The resources can be enhanced to make possible the scoring loans and risk assessment appropriately which could help risk management in the bank. More information on the Banks SAS management structure and the functioning along with the areas of banking that utilize them the most could have helped obtain a comprehensive picture of the functioning and advantages of the system which could have in turn helped answering more effectively. References 1. Avraham, D., Selvaggi, P., Vickery, J. (2012). A Structural View of U.S. Bank Holding Companies. FRBNY Economic Policy Review. doi:10.2139/ssrn.21180362. Bank of America. (2015). Bank of America | Investor Relations | Capital, Liquidity, and Organization. Retrieved 23 March 2015, from https://investor.bankofamerica.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=71595p=debtother#fbid=CqAqOLoL3zS3. Sas.com. (2015). A comprehensive environment for more efficient forecasting. Retrieved 23 March 2015, from https://www.sas.com/en_us/customers/bank-of-america-business-analytics.html4. TheOfficialBoard. (2015). Org Chart Bank of America. Retrieved 23 March 2015, from https://www.theofficialboard.com/org-chart/bank-of-america

Midterm paper free essay sample

When considering the moral issues of both cases of Roosevelt Dawson and the ten hour old baby, there are a few concerns that should be reflected upon. In Dawson’s case, he has lived for twenty-one years and the use of his limbs has been dramatically taken from him. His quality of life can be seen as a moral issue because he would have to relearn how to function without limbs. This could take place outside of the hospital setting and in an assisted living home, which would more than likely be frustrating. He would have to endure the stares and the stories of his paralyzed limbs. The moral issue of discharging Dawson from the hospital should be considered because he is suspected of leaving and committing assisted suicide due to his quadriplegic condition. In the case of the baby, the moral issue is also of quality of life. The mother has decided to not have the surgery performed and have nutrients taken away from her child. We will write a custom essay sample on Midterm paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The baby has lived for less than ten hours and obviously cannot yet make a decision for herself. If the surgery was to be performed and the baby fully recovered, the quality of life would still come into play. Because she does not know how it is to live with working limbs, she would be able to cope and learn how to function better than in Dawson’s case. Although she would be would most likely cope better without limbs, the question arises of ‘what would she be able to do on her own? ’ She would need someone to be with her at all times: to feed her, bath her, go to the restroom with her, dress her, and all other everyday tasks. Thus, the quality of life in this child should be considered when deciding if she should have the surgery to remove the anomalies or not. Previously, the Metropolitan Hospital board had agreed to refrain from providing breathing assistance and/or nourishment for people who have so stated their wishes. Thus, in this case of Roosevelt Dawson, he has previously met with both his mother and his social worker discussing his choices as to what his options were after he is discharged from the hospital. This can create a legal issue due to the fact that Dawson was originally going to be able to be discharged from the Metropolitan Hospital. If the Metropolitan Hospital were to refrain from discharging Dawson, then that could cause some disagreements with Dawson’s wishes and the wants of his social worker and his physicians. Dawson has also been found completely competent, which can provide stability to his life after his current stay at the hospital and thus strengthen his case to leave. Regarding the case of the baby girl, it has been stated, in our text, that contemporary ethical and legal norms hold that all human beings born alive should be treated equally, regardless of disability. This can call for a legal case because if this baby girl were to have been born with legs and arms, would the mother still not want surgery performed? And if she did not wish to have surgery, then that would call into her competence and if she were able to make a proper decision about the situation? If all human beings born alive should be treated equally, then why does the mother not want to have surgery performed on her baby girl? Thus, because the mother is not treating her child as if she were a baby without a disability, the hospital can be accused of following through with the wishes of an incompetent woman. According to the Child Abuse Amendments (CAA) of 1984, which ended the political controversy over the federal role in decisions to withhold treatment from handicapped newborns, legal issues could arise from the hospital not treating the baby. This amendment strongly protects the rights and interests of those with disabilities and leaves little room for non-treatment decisions to be based on expected low quality of life or the interests of parents. All children, whatever the extent of their disabilities, are to be granted medical treatment unless they met the narrowly defined exceptions. Also, in our text, at the very least, CAA could be perceived as setting the standard of care to which hospitals and doctors would be held, both by accrediting bodies and by courts hearing challenges to nontreatment decisions. The baby girl case has similarities with the case of Miller v.  HCA, in our text. In this Texas Supreme Court decision, while recognizing that parents ordinarily have the right to consent to or to refuse medical care for their children, the court also recognized that an exception to the parental consent requirement arises when an emergent condition exists and treatment must occur immediately to prevent the death of the child. Although, in Miller v. HCA, the court found that the doctor’s initial resuscitation in Miller was justified because the situation was an emergency and there was not enough time necessary to get consent form the parents or from a court. The court only found the doctor’s actions rationalized because the doctor did not have enough time to consult with the parents before making the life or death decision. In this case, the physician has time to get consent from the mother, which could then be argued, that if the neonatal team would have been taking action without the mother’s consent, and would not be justified. The two cases of Roosevelt Dawson and the baby girl have a several significant similar qualities to them: loss of limbs, the quality of their lives would be questionable, and both Dawson and the baby have other parties trying to make a life or death decision for them. In terms of quality of life, Dawson is a recent quadriplegic patient and the baby girl has been born without limbs. When calling into account the quality of their lives without limbs, should the baby have surgery and Dawson leave the hospital, could be considered of extremely difficult quality of life. Finally, Dawson’s social worker is pushing a court order for Dawson to stay in the hospital and not be discharged, while the baby’s neonatal staff is pushing a court order to disregard the mother’s decision on not having the baby undergo surgery and removing the nutrients currently being given. Although there are some similarities surrounding the cases of Dawson and the baby, there are positively some differences that cannot go unmentioned. Firstly in the case of Roosevelt Dawson, he is a twenty-one year old completely competent male, wishing to leave the hospital. But, according to his social worker, he is has the intentions of assisted suicide. In the case of the baby, she is a less than ten hour old female. She cannot take nourishment orally because she has anomalies of the mouth and throat, which can be surgically removed. Her mother is refusing to give the neonatal staff permission for surgery and has asked the hospital not to nourish her baby girl. Because the baby cannot make a decision for herself, her mother is her making judgments for her. Thus, there are some similarities of the two cases, but there are specific differences between them, how they should be handled, and how their physicians should interact with both them and their families. In order to relate to the patients in these cases, there are four types of physician-patient relationship models that should be considered. The first type of relationship representation is the paternalistic model. According to our text, this model ensures that the patients receive the interventions that best promote their health and well being. In other words, the physician is acting as a guardian to the patient strongly suggesting or telling the patient what the best option for him or her would be in that particular scenario. The second type of relationship model is called the informative model. Here, the objective of the physician-patient interaction is for the physician to provide the patient with all relevant information, and the patient selects the option they want, and the physician follows through with their wishes. A fairly to-the-point model: provide the information, make a decision, act accordingly. The third model is the interpretive model. The aim for this model is to illuminate the patient’s values and what he or she actually wants, and to help the patient select the available medical interventions that realize their values. This model is more interpretive, the physician tries to assess the patient’s core values and help them make a decision after considering them. Lastly, is the deliberative model with the goal of this model is to help the patient determine and choose the best health-related values that can be realized in the clinical setting. In this model, the physician would suggest the best option for the patient’s health, not considering any moral values, but only those that would be best clinical wise. Considering all the types of physician-patient relationships explained in the previous paragraph, the best relationship that should be established in the case of Roosevelt Dawson should be the interpretive model. This model would best fit Dawson’s case because he needs to know what he values. Because what he values (could be his life, family, friends, functioning limbs) could have him change his mind in wanting to be discharged. Because what would be best for his health and therefore his values, could be to have him stay in the hospital or at home with a physician assisting him and his family. Thus, if he were to realize that his moral values were to stay alive, then the best way to do that would be to listen to the physicians around him. The type of relationship that should be established in the baby girl’s case should be the paternalistic model. This is because in this model, the physician would act as the baby’s guardian and implement what is best for the baby’s life and has obligations, including that of placing the baby’s interest above his or her own and soliciting the views of the mother, who seems to lack adequate knowledge of the situation. This is the best model for this case because the physician would initially be the guardian for the baby, rather than the mother, and will thus make the best decision for the baby and disregard the views of the mother. To keep in mind moral autonomy when assessing the physician-patient relationships is vital. Moral autonomy is defined in our text as: to act freely, is to act autonomously; to act according to a law you give yourself and not according to the desires of nature or pleasure; and to respect each person’s liberty to self-determine their own idea of the good. For the case of Roosevelt Dawson, moral autonomy can be valuable when looking at various perspectives. Dawson’s choice to leave the hospital relates to his ability to act freely; if he does in fact wish to commit assisted suicide, it is to act according to a law he has given unto himself. Thus, to respect each person’s liberty to self-determine their own idea of the good is to respect Dawson’s idea that being discharged from the hospital is his best option. In regards to the case of the baby and her mother: the baby girl is unable to act according to a self-given law, therefore the mother should be able to make decisions based upon a self-given law in regards to her child; because the baby is unable to make a decision for others to respect, the mother has made the decision to not follow through with surgery that the neonatal staff is having trouble respecting; and because the baby girl needs someone to make decisions for her, it would be her mother and the mother should be able to act freely, thus her decision to not give her baby the surgery or not. Also keeping in mind, as described in our book, utilitarian is a form of consequentialism and the results of actions are the only relevant feature in assessing actions. Considerations of someone’s intentions, feelings or convictions are seen as irrelevant to the question of ‘what is the right thing to do? ’ Under the point of view of utilitarian, the right thing to do is to maximize utility; good is determined by the overall net happiness that can be achieved. A utilitarian considers his or her own happiness, but no more and no less than the happiness of others, they are committed to the value of equality; with this, the right thing to do is to maximize utility (utility being the balance of pleasure over pain; happiness over suffering). In the case of Roosevelt Dawson, the parties involved are Dawson and his family. Regarding a short duration of time, some considerations for a utilitarian would be that Dawson is suffering while he remains alive but would be happy during death; this would be opposite for his family, they would be generally happy while Dawson is alive and they would suffer for a period of time after his death. Thus, death gives happiness to Dawson, but the reverse to his family in short term. But looking at the long term circumstance, his family along with Dawson himself would suffer because his family would have to take care of him and Dawson would have to cope with being quadriplegic (assuming Dawson is not going to commit assisted suicide). When discussing the case of the baby girl, the mom, the baby herself, and the neonatal staff would be the participants when discussing the situation under utilitarian pretenses. In this case, if the surgery were to be performed, then the mom would suffer because she would be taking care of a baby without limbs and neonatal staff being happy that they saved a child’s life. If the surgery was not performed, then the mother would be pleased to not have to take care of a limb-less child and the neonatal staff would be depressed about not being able to save a child’s life. Considering both short term and long term paths, if the surgery were to be preformed, it would cause the mother to suffer because her child does not have limbs, and the baby girl would struggle, due to the fact that she does not have any limbs. If the surgery were to not be performed, it would make the mother happy because she would not have a burden child, and the neonatal staff would be unhappy because the baby would have died. Again to take into consideration is communitarianism. This according to our text is ethical truth that must be sought in the universal belief of rationality. Whether ethical norms are conceived in terms of enlightened self-interest, maximized utility, or the recognition of autonomy and human rights, they are viewed by this tradition as objective and universal, applicable to all times and places. Since different individuals will naturally have different values and conflicting visions of the good life, a truly liberal society will not adopt any particular conception of the good life to the exclusion or lessening of others. Unlike utilitarian beliefs which would pose the question of ‘what option would maximize utility? ’ the communitarian view would ask ‘which policies will promote the kind of community in which we want to live? ’ According to our text, in the case of Roosevelt Dawson, communitarians reject the desire for elevating the individual above the social group or community. Consequently, letting Dawson out of the hospital with the suspicion that he would commit assisted suicide, would not be what was best for the community because a member could potentially die. On the basis that there is a potential loss of life if Dawson were to be released from the hospital, would have a negative effect on the community and therefore be the unwanted plan of action. Similarly, in the case with the baby girl and her mother, not performing surgery and taking away nutrients from the child would also cause negative feelings around the community. Therefore, in order to keep the population happy, to follow through with the surgery so the baby would be able to eat orally, would be the communitarian desired option. Taking into thought, as discussed in lecture, vulnerable populations are those of group identities where there is historical evidence that a group has been treated unequally badly by medical professionals. In both cases, because Roosevelt Dawson is a twenty-one year old African American man and the child is a less than ten hour old female, there is more of an obligation to let a twenty-one year old man make his own decisions and have someone else make the decisions for the newborn child. Due to the fact that Dawson is a part of the group considered ‘adults’, he should be able to make his own verdict on whether to leave the hospital or not. At this age, a person should be able to make a decision about his or her own life without someone, even though may be in a ‘higher position’ than you. The fact that Dawson is African American should not be a factor in how the hospital should treat him, race should not be taken into play at all, the hospital should be treating Dawson as they would treat any other twenty-one year old that has been checked into the hospital. Rather than his race, the hospital should be obligated to take into account Dawson’s age when considering his wishes, and they have more of an obligation to grant his wishes because of his adult status. On the other hand, the baby should obviously not be making its own decisions, because she does not know anything about the situation. She is only less than ten hours old and has yet to make any decisions in her life at all. The obligations of the hospital to keep her alive should be no different than the obligation to keep any person alive, but because the baby cannot have an opinion or a decision in the matter, the mother’s decision should be considered. Although, because the mother is making the decision to withdrawal nutrients and not follow through with the surgery, her opinion and her thought process behind it should be taken into account. Taking consideration of the baby’s inability to make a decision of life or death on her own, the hospital is more obligated to keep her alive even if her mother is telling the neonatal staff to let her die. My recommendation for the case of Roosevelt Dawson is to let him leave the hospital and be free to make his own decisions. From our text, this is a rights-based approach; this advances the idea that simply, by being human, people have rights regardless of the legal system under which they live. My suggestion to let Dawson be discharged from the hospital is also because of the principle-based method. The principle of utility, or utilitarianism, would in this case ultimately maximize happiness. This response is formulated by the Doctrine of the Double Effect (DDE). According to our text, the DDE is in response to the recognition that an act may have both a good and a bad effect. The permissibility of the action depends on whether the bad effect is intended or for seen and permitted to happen. Therefore, the act of letting Dawson leave the hospital is not intrinsically wrong. The good effect is produced directly by discharging him and not by the speculation that he may or may not wish to commit assisted suicide. There is only speculation that Dawson wants to commit assisted suicide, not concrete evidence, thus letting him leave the hospital would be in the best interest for Dawson, his family, and this hospital. With the case of the ten hour old baby girl, my proposal is to follow through with the surgery to remove the anomalies in her throat and have her be able to consume nutrients orally. This recommendation is stemming from the hobbesian contractarianism. From our text, everyone is better off restricting his or her own liberty to injure others, so long as the others do likewise. Thus, harming the baby (not removing the anomalies and taking away her nutrients) is not inherently wrong in this way, but it is to our mutual advantage to accept conventions that define such harm as wrong. By removing nutrients, we would be harming the baby, which would be restricting the liberty and therefore wrong. Also, to maximize utility would be to follow through with the surgery and keep the baby alive. This would make the maximum amount of people happy, including the hospital, and thus would be maximizing utility.

Adlerian Therapy Essays

Adlerian Therapy Essays Adlerian Therapy Essay Adlerian Therapy Essay Today, there are a lot of different kinds of psychiatric therapy or sets of techniques intended to improve mental health, emotional or behavioral issues of individuals, family members or a whole familys interactional climate. Mental health problems can have both psychological, social and somatic dimensions. These issues often make it hard for people to manage their lives and achieve their goals. Psychotherapy is aimed at these problems, and attempts to solve - or help people themselves to solve - them via a number of different approaches and techniques. The study will discuses the Adlerian therapy and Cognitive Behavioral therapy. It will provide the concenpt of the two psychological approach and their limitations. This study will also discuss the similarities and differences between Adlerian therapy and Cognitive Behavioral therapy. Analysis Adlerian therapy focuses on the importance of the feelings of self (ego) that arise from interactions and conflicts. It emphasizes motivation and social interaction. It is a phenomenological approach, where social interest is stressed. The nature of the therapy is informative and encouraging. It is a type of therapy where it stresses the collaborative partnership of the client and patient. Cognitive Behavior therapy focuses on the important role of thinking in how a person feels and what he or she does. The approach believes it is in the person’s thinking that causes her or him to feel and act the way he or she do. Therefore, if he or she is experiencing unwanted feelings and behaviors, it is important to identify the thinking that is causing the feelings or behaviors and to learn how to replace this thinking with thoughts that lead to more desirable reactions. (Beck, 1995) It is the fastest in terms of results obtain. The average number of session’s clients receives is sixteen. . Other forms of therapy, like psychoanalysis, can take years. What enable cognitive behavior therapy is to be briefer is its highly instructional nature and the fact that it makes use of homework assignments. (Beck, 1995) Adlerian therapy is a phenomenological approach where it attempts to view the world from the client’s subjective frame of reference. How life is in reality is less important than how the individual believes life to be. The therapy believes that it is not the childhood experiences that are crucial but rather it is our present interpretation of these events. It believes that our unconscious instincts and our past do not determine our behavior, which in this aspect Cognitive Behavior therapy shares the same belief. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is based on the scientific fact that the person’s thoughts cause his or her feelings and behaviors, not external things, like people, situations, and events. In this therapy, mental health is measured by the degree to which we successfully share with others and are concerned with their welfare. Happiness and success are mostly related to social connectedness. Its most significant and distinctive concept refers to a person’s attitude toward and awareness of being a part of the human community. While Cognitive Behavior Therapy believes that that we can change the way we think to feel or act better even if the situation does not change. In Adlerian Theory, building self-confidence and stimulating courage is the best way to encourage a client. It is believed to be the most powerful method available for changing a person’s beliefs. In contrast, discouragement is the basic condition that prevents people from functioning. The therapy encourages clients to recognize their clients to choose and act differently. The two complexes are also considered on this therapy. These are Inferiority Complex and Superiority Complex. Inferiority Complex is normal feelings of incompetence and exaggerates them-impossible to achieve goals-hopeless. The Superiority Complex is a very high opinion of self-bragging and quick to argue personal solutions to problems are right one-convince others of being valuable to them and to self. Everyone is born with some physical weakness-motivate life choices. Aggression Drive is a reaction to perceived helplessness or inferiority lashing out against the inability to achieve or master. (Alder, 1997) CBT have a different approach. The therapy does not tell people how they should feel. However, most people seeking therapy do not want to feel they way they do. Cognitive behavioral teaches the benefits of feeling, at worst, calm when confronted with undesirable situations. It also emphasizes the fact that we have our undesirable situations whether we are upset about them or not. If we are upset about our problems, we have two problems the problem, and our upset about it. Most sane people want to have the fewest number of problems possible. Additional Concepts: In Adlerian therapy, masculine protest is defined when kids work to become independent from and equal to adults people in power-autonomous-positive assertive. Perfection striving is defined when people who are not neurotically bound to an inferiority complex spend their lives trying to meet their fictional goals. The therapy tries to eliminate a client’s perceived flaws, and gives motivation and focus. It focuses on understanding social issues and social responsibility by providing tasks that are career-self worth and societal task-creating friendship networks. The program is positive and goal oriented humanity. The client strives to overcome weaknesses to function productively contributing to society. During the therapy, client explores private logical concepts about oneself, about life and others, where philosophy lifestyle is based. It tries to discover purposes of behavior or symptoms and basic mistakes associated with their coping. During the process, it teaches the client to learn how to correct faulty assumptions and conclusions. (Mosak, 1999) CBT on the other hand follows the Stonic philosophy. The therapy does not tell people how they should feel. However, most people seeking therapy do not want to feel they way they do. Cognitive behavioral teaches the benefits of feeling, at worst, calm when confronted with undesirable situations. It also emphasizes the fact that we have our undesirable situations whether we are upset about them or not. If we are upset about our problems, we have two problems the problem, and our upset about it. Most sane people want to have the fewest number of problems possible. Therapist should get to know the client as a person. It needs to collaborate on goals for therapy. It supports therapist-caring human connection. The therapist works to make client feel deeply understood and accepted. The client focuses on what needs to change in the therapy. In Adlerian, subjective interview encourages the client to tell his or her own story as expert on own life. The therapist listens for clues to client’s coping and approach to life. Questions being used on this kind of interviews are: â€Å"How would your life be different, and what would you do differently, if you did not have this symptom or problem? † Objective interview is a life style assessment process. It comprises early recollection, personality priorities, family constellation, Integration, and summary. The therapist should encourage self-understanding and insights that tend to understand the motivation that operates client’s life. The therapist should explore the purposes of symptoms, behaviors, feelings, and human difficulties. The encouragement process of the Adlerian therapy is to build courage to change and to overcome discouragement. In the process, personal growth is encouraged and reinforced. It also helps change and search for new possibilities and makes a difference through the change in behavior, attitude, or perception. The Adlerian Approach is used in education, marriage counseling, family counseling, group work, and parent education. . (Alder, 1997) CBT on the other hand, have a different of method and sets of questions it follows. Cognitive-behavioral therapists want to gain a very good understanding of their clients concerns. That is why they often ask questions. They also encourage their clients to ask questions of themselves, like, How do I really know that those people are laughing at me? Could they be laughing about something else? Cognitive-behavioral therapists have a specific agenda for each session. Specific techniques / concepts are taught during each session. CBT focuses on helping the client achieve the goals they have set. CBT is directive in that respect. However, CBT therapists do not tell their clients what to do rather, they teach their clients how to do. Relationship of the therapist to the client In Adlerian Therapy, the client-therapist relationship is based on mutual trust, respect, confidence, and alignments of goals. It needs to establish a collaborative relationship to make the therapy a success. The therapist develops therapeutic contract-goals during the program. While in this approach the therapist tries to put emphasis on the responsibility of the client for his or her own behaviors, in Cognitive behavior therapists focus on teaching rational self-counseling skills. Techniques and Procedure Adlerian therapy helps the client to make new choices-reorientation and reeducation. It encourages the development of self-understanding-insight into purpose. It explores the psychological changes operating in the client’s assessment. CBT shares a different procedure and technique. The program is based on the scientifically supported assumption that most emotional and behavioral reactions are learned. Therefore, the goal of therapy is to help clients unlearn their unwanted reactions and to learn a new way of reacting. While Cognitive Behavioral therapists do not present themselves as know-it-alls†, the assumption is that if clients knew what the therapist had to teach them, clients would not have the emotional / behavioral problems they are experiencing. Therefore, CBT has nothing to do with just talking. People can just talk with anyone. (Abramson, 2000) The educational emphasis of CBT has an additional benefit it leads to long-term results. When people understand how and why they are doing well, they can continue doing what they are doing to make themselves well. The therapy relies on the inductive method. A central aspect of Rational thinking is that it is based on fact, not simply our assumptions made. Often, we upset ourselves about things when, in fact, the situation is not like we think it is. If we knew that, we would not waste our time upsetting ourselves. Therefore, the inductive method encourages us to look at our thoughts as being hypotheses that can be questioned and tested. If we find that our hypotheses are incorrect (because we have new information), then we can change our thinking to be in line with how the situation really is. There are over 25 very common mental mistakes that people make that cause them to not have the facts straight. Goal achievement could take a very long time if all a person were only to think about the techniques and topics taught for one hour per week. That is why CBT therapists assign reading assignments and encourage their clients to practice the techniques learned. (Abramson, 2000) Conclusion Adler placed an important emphasis on social interest. Freud saw society and the individual at odds with one another, but Adler saw society and the individual as mutually supportive. He believed that it was natural, normal and healthy for people to be involved and concerned with one another, and that the absence of this was a sign of maladaptation in the individual. The psychotherapy system that Adler developed is not constrained by techniques, such as classical psychoanalysis is by free association. Adlerian therapy seeks to help people actualize their goals in life (overcome their inferiority feelings) and is very supportive an encouraging. It is also, however, challenging and confronting on problematic lifestyles and goals. Adlerian therapists seek to establish empathy and build rapport with their clients, and to understand the lifestyle that guides their behavior in functional or dysfunctional ways. Adlerian psychotherapy seeks to develop people who have high social interest, who are cooperative with others, and who have a decreased sense of inferiority. The approach assumes that most people in therapy feel relatively powerless and discouraged, so encouragement is a cornerstone of the therapeutic approach. Self-confidence and a conviction that one can cope with the problems presented by life are critical goals of the therapy. Its strong positive and forward moving nature makes it an excellent therapeutic approach for people struggling with a sense of failure in life. While Cognitive Behavior Therapy is probably the most widely researched psychotherapy that exists today, and there is more research support for its efficacy than there is for any other therapy. The treatment is collaborative, structured, and goal-oriented. CBT is designed to be as short term as possible, though sometimes with complex cases and severe mental illness treatment takes longer. CBT also places a strong emphasis on relapse prevention, which essentially teaches patients skills so they can learn to be their own therapists. Cognitive therapy involves recognizing unhelpful patterns of thinking and reacting, then modifying or replacing these with more realistic or helpful ones. It is based on the idea that how we think, how we feel , and how we act all interact together. Specifically, our thoughts determine our feelings and our behavior. Therefore, negative thoughts can cause us distress and result in problems. Reference Abramson, L. , Seligman, M. E. P. Teasdale, J. 2000. Learned Helplessness in Humans: Critique and Reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87 pp49-74 Adler, A. 1997 . Understanding Life: an Introduction to the Psychology of Alfred Adler. Oxford: Oneworld. Beck, J. S. 1995 . Cognitive Therapy: Basics and Beyond. New York, NY: Guilford Press. Mosak, H. , Maniacci, M. 1999. A Primer of Adlerian Psychology: The Analytic Behavioral Cognitive Psychology of Alfred Adler. Philadelphia,

Advanced French Past Tenses and Imperfect

Advanced French Past Tenses and Imperfect The difference between the two main French past tenses, the passà © composà © and the imperfect, is a constant struggle for many French students. In my lesson on passà © composà © vs imperfect, you learned about the fundamental differences between these two tenses. In this more advanced lesson, you will learn about the particularities of certain verbs when used in the past. Usually Imperfect Some French verbs are nearly always used in the imperfect rather than the passà © composà ©: aimer - to like, lovecroire - to believeespà ©rer - to hopeà ªtre - to bepenser - to thinksembler - to seemsentir - to feelvouloir - to want These verbs describe a state of mind or state of being. They are most often in the imperfect because verbs like wanting and being do not usually have a clear indicator of start and finish - either they last for an unspecified amount of time or they are interrupted by some other action.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jaimais danser quand jà ©tais jeune.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I liked to dance when I was young.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je croyais en Dieu.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I believed in God.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jespà ©rais gagner.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I hoped (was hoping) to win.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jà ©tais heureux lannà ©e passà ©e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I was happy last year.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je pensais mon frà ¨re.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I was thinking about my brother.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il semblait trop parfait.  Ã‚  Ã‚  It seemed too perfect.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je me sentais malade pendant toute la journà ©e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I felt sick all day.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je voulais rentrer aprà ¨s le film.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I wanted to go home after the movie.However, these verbs are used in the passà © composà © wh en there is a clear indication of the beginning or end of the action of the verb, or when it is obvious that this was a simple action that only occurred once.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je nai pas aimà © le film.   Ã‚  Ã‚  I didnt like the movie.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je ne tai pas cru quand tu as dit...  Ã‚  Ã‚  I didnt believe you when you said...  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hier, jai espà ©rà © que tu viendrais ; aujourdhui, à §a mest à ©gal.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yesterday I hoped you would come; today I dont care.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Quand je lai vu, jai à ©tà © surpris.  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I saw him, I was surprised (just at that moment).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai pensà © une bonne histoire.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I thought of a good story.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il a semblà © disparaà ®tre.  Ã‚  Ã‚  He seemed to disappear (all of a sudden).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai senti une goutte de pluie.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I felt a drop of rain.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tout dun coup, jai voulu partir.  Ã‚  Ã‚  All of a sudden, I wanted to leave.Now that you know which verbs are usually in the imperfect, you can learn about verbs that have different meanings depending on whether they are used in the  passà © composà ©Ã‚  or  imperfect, and verbal constructions that are always in the imperfec t. Meaning Changes There are a few verbs that have different meanings depending on whether they are used in the passà © composà © or imperfect. Note however that these verbs are usually used in the imperfect; the passà © composà © meaning is fairly uncommon.avoir  - to have  Ã‚  Ã‚  imperfect - had  Ã‚  Ã‚  Javais de  largent.  - I had some money  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je  navais  pas  assez  de temps.  - I didnt have enough time  Ã‚  Ã‚  Javais  faim.  - I was hungry  Ã‚  Ã‚  passà © composà © - had, got, received  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai eu un accident.  - I had / got into an accident  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai eu une bonne surprise.  - I got a nice surprise  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai eu faim.  - I got hungryconnaà ®tre  - to know  Ã‚  Ã‚  imperfect - knew, was familiar with  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je la  connaissais  bien.  - I knew her well  Ã‚  Ã‚  passà © composà © - met  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai connu Michel hier.  - I met Michel (for the first time) yesterdaydevoir  - to have to  Ã‚  Ã‚  imperfect - was supposed to (whether I did or not)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je devais partir midi.  - I was supposed to leave at noon  Ã‚  Ã‚  passà © composà © - must have, had to  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai dà » le perdre.  - I must have lost it  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai dà » partir midi.   - I had to leave at noon (and did)pouvoir  - to be able to  Ã‚  Ã‚  imperfect - could, was able to (whether I did or not)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je  pouvais  mentir.  - I could  lie /  was  capable of lying  Ã‚  Ã‚  passà © composà © - could, was able to, managed to; (negative)  couldnt,  was unable to  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai  pu  mentir.  - I was able to lie  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je  nai  pas  pu  mentir.  - I couldnt / was unable to liesavoir  - to know  Ã‚  Ã‚  imperfect - knew  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je  savais  ladresse.  - I knew the address  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je  savais  nager.  - I knew how to swim  Ã‚  Ã‚  passà © composà © - learned, found out  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai  su  la solution.  - I found out / discovered the solution  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai  su  nager.  - I learned how to swimvouloir  - to want  Ã‚  Ã‚  imperfect - wanted  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je  voulais  partir.  - I wanted to leave  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je  voulais  plus  dargent.  - I wanted more money  Ã‚  Ã ‚  passà © composà © - tried, decided to; (negative) refused  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai  voulu  partir.  - I  tried / decided  to leave  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je  nai  pas  voulu  partir.  - I refused to leave Verbal Constructions Some verbs have particular constructions which, when referring to the past, are always in the imperfect:aller   infinitive (near future)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jallais à ©tudier.  - I was going to study.avoir  (with age)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Javais 18  ans.  - I was 18.à ªtre  en train de  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jà ©tais en train dà ©crire une lettre.  - I was writing a letter.faire  (with weather)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il  faisait  beau.  - It was nice out.venir  de   infinitive (recent past)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je  venais  darriver.  - I had just arrived.

Describe the relationship between health care cost and quality Essay

Describe the relationship between health care cost and quality - Essay Example In health care, â€Å"cost† may be defined in different ways, depending on the individual’s perception. Two of these definitions are (1) when consumers and financiers pertain to the â€Å"price† of health care; and (2) when it is seen in a national perspective, referring to how much a nation spends on health care services (Shi & Singh, 2008, p. 484). Health care quality is said to be judged subjectively, according to the standards of an individual or an organization. Donabedian (n.d.) identified three determinants of the overall quality of health care: (1) structure of care, referring to the qualifications of health care providers and characteristics of facilities; (2) process of care, or the manner health care is provided; and (3) outcome of care, or effectiveness of the care provided (as cited in Wiest, 1988, p. 54). It is contended that without the existence of these three, it is not possible to achieve a high quality of health care. In health care, cost and quality possess a certain relationship, where cost does not always equate to quality (Marquis & Huston, 2009, p. 210). Considerably, O’Kane (2006) presents that â€Å"what higher spending often buys is unnecessary care, which...exposes patients to risk and wastes time, resources, and money, all of which could be put to better use† (as cited in Marquis & Huston , 2009, p. 210). In this light comes the concept of cost-effectivity, where the term â€Å"cost-effective† connotes that the product or service gained is adequate to the resources used and the finances spent. For instance, the purchase of a needed drug previously not in stock increases cost of care, but is expected to increase care quality as well. However, in the event that a wrong drug is purchased and neglectfully given, the cost increases with a lowered quality of care. Further, being cost-effective also suggests

Americanos Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Americanos - Essay Example The forces that inculcated a desire in the Americans to gain independence, the causes of conflicts among troops, and the consent of leaders have all been well captured in the book. â€Å"Chasteen's book joins a long list of highly regarded and influential English-language surveys of the independence period† (Blanchard). Summary: The book explains how the Portugese and Spanish colonies struggled to gain independence in America. In the start of 19th century, Napoleon conquered Portugal and Spain. This event in Europe brought about many consequences throughout the world. The event sparked a whole range of revolutions everywhere in the Portugese and Spanish empires in the New World. The world history underwent an altogether turn. The independence wars ultimately led to the development of 19 independent republics in America. Some of the most well known leaders of the times like Father Hidalgo, Father Morelos, and Bernardo O'Higgins have been identified along with some not so well k nown women like Manuela Saenz, Juana Azurduy, and Leona Vicario that had played important roles in the overall independence movement. It has been discussed in the book that by the time the wars neared end, the Latin American independence leaders acknowledged the classical liberal principles. In particular, the popular principles of self-determination and sovereignty were embraced. The global reach of values of the Western politics expanded permanently as a result of it. In the years that preceded the independence, the whole colonial society was categorized on the basis of caste. There were europeos, mestizos, americanos, pardos, Indians and blacks. Among them, the europeos were considered as the â€Å"most pure† group. The term, â€Å"Americano† got redefined after huge struggle so as to include non-europeo people. To define America's rainbow of castes as the Americano people recognized the truth on the ground, but it also created a new truth, an airy but potent abstra ction. That abstraction was the Sovereign People, who deserved nothing less than a government of, by, and for the people. (Chasteen 2). The redefinition of americanos went against Spansih colonialists. Many new nations also got influenced in Latin America because of that, and adopted a republican form that was equipped with all trappings of the liberal rule. That is why today, a vast majority of the oldest functioning republics of the world are from Latin America, and are still caught in disturbed political legacy since their birth. Critical analysis: Chasteen has adequately synthesized all major events and identified all key individuals that had played an important role in the wars of independence between 1805-1830. The chief battles and events have been described quite straightforwardly. Figures have been accompanied with biographical information that make it a colorful and balanced portrayal of history. Chasteen has fundamentally made use of secondary sources. Therefore, the book basically offers a makeup of existing scholarship and can not be regarded as an â€Å"addition† to the existing body of literature. However, Americanos is undoubtedly, a valuable addition to the existing scholarship of the history of Latin America. The book mostly presents the state of the art awareness in a clear manner. There are no groundbreaking advances or realization of

Interviewing for the Future Essay Example for Free

Interviewing for the Future Essay Interviewing is considered by many people to be an art. As an adolescent, I never had the chance to interview someone before and it really made me have to expose myself to the world outside of my comfort zone. Being only eighteen years old, I wanted to explore my future career path a little more in depth from somebody who knows the field. I chose to do my interview on someone I admired off campus who works in my field of interest. As a freshman in college, most students don’t know which direction they want to go in, most of them are undeclared. Upon entering CCSU this fall I, too, was undeclared; however, very recently I discovered that I wanted to work in the field of dentistry. I noted that I wanted to talk to an expert, somebody who had been in the field for many years so I could get a concrete grasp on what a day-in-the-life was like. I decided that I wanted to know more on the field and conducted an interview with Lyudmila Adamitskaya, a dental hygienist at Smiles for the Future a pediatric dentist office in Glastonbury, CT. Before I decided to conduct the actual interview, I did some basic background research on Smiles for the Future. I looked at their company website to get a sense of what the atmosphere was like. After I got the general idea of what the pediatric dentistry field was similar too, I brainstormed a variety of questions. I wanted to know what it was like for Lyudmila and what the work environment was like. I had already known quite a bit about the actual field itself, but I wanted to find out things about the pediatric dentistry field that a person couldn’t read about in Chemistry books or through Anatomy lectures. I wanted to discover why she liked her job and what she didn’t like about her job. I desired to know the obstacles she had to overcome and if her expectations were fulfilled from what she had perceived them to be while in college. At first I couldn’t find the right words to put down on paper prior to the interview. From the in class essay we read â€Å"The Art of Interviewing† I took away a central point that really stood out to me, â€Å"Substance is powerful to conduct a meaningful interview† (Foster 1). This quote really jumped off the page for me because it made me think that if I didn’t have the questions I wanted answered, then what was the point of even doing the interview? This point certainly got me to brainstorm for quite a long time to get the right questions. I took away another point from the essay, â€Å"If the interviewer already suspects what content is coming then why conduct the interview?† (Foster 1). This acknowledgement made me really concentrate on questions I could not possibly know the answers to, so that my interview would be meaningful to me and not just a waste of time. I knew that going into the interview, I was going to be nervous but I had no idea what was going to happen. On the afternoon of September 24th, 2012 I walked into the colorful pediatric office of Smiles for the Future in Glastonbury, CT. I anxiously waited until Mrs. Lyudmila Adamitskaya was finished with a small girl who looked as if she were around six or seven years old. I looked around at my surroundings and noticed many toys thrown about the waiting room. Normally, this wouldn’t bother me, I love working with children; however, today seemed different. I couldn’t place what it was that bothered me so much about this but I was abruptly pulled out of my dream-like state when Mrs. Adamitskaya greeted me with a warm and cheery â€Å"Hello!† The first thing I noticed about her was her bright purple scrubs. Her hair was neatly tied back and she had a professional, but friendly, demeanor about her. We shook hands briefly and she invited me to come to the back, into room six. She invited me to sit in the patient’s chair, which was significantly smaller than I was and we shared a brief ice-breaking laugh at the situation. She asked me how old I was and I told her I was eighteen and conducting the interview for my English class. I also told her how I was considering going into the field of pediatric dentistry. Immediately, I saw her face light up and I smiled at how much I could tell just from that simple body language she really enjoyed her job. I opened up the interview with the most basic question I could think of; what made you want to become a dental hygienist? She paused momentarily, trying to search for the right words, a puzzled yet relaxed expression on her face. Finally she stated with an enormous smile, â€Å"I always wanted to work in the medical field or dental field to make a difference in people’s oral and overall health† (Adamitskaya). Just that statement alone told me most of what I needed to know about Mrs. Adamitskaya’s attitude not only towards her patients, but towards all people. The statement told me that she genuinely cared how people were doing and she wanted to make a difference in the community. I nervously looked around the room at small stuffed animals and butterfly wallpaper and asked, â€Å"Do you like your work environment?† Mrs. Adamitskaya looked relieved and a little less under pressure. She quickly stepped back into the upbeat woman I first had seen and said, â€Å"I love my work environment because I get to work with amazing doctors and team members who dedicate their work and knowledge to improve and educate people about oral health† (Adamitskaya). This really perked my interest that she felt so strongly about the field and how much her doctors and co-workers cared for other patients as much as she did. I wanted to know more so I added â€Å"Do you like your job? What’s the best and worst part about your job?† She glanced around, looked at me and smiled. â€Å"I don’t like my job.† She paused, gave me a strange look and continued, â€Å"I love my job! I love it because everything we do is for our patients and it brings positive feedback. It encourages patients to keep coming back. It’s always rewarding to work with patients and make a difference in people’s lives and build relationships. The worst part would be the cost of health insurance for families† (Adamitskaya). I could sense she felt bad about the state of the economy, and briefly went on to discuss with me how â€Å"unfortunate it is that most families struggle to put food on the table at night while balancing family and school life† (Adamitskaya). When I saw how much this bothered her it made me eager to get more information on her personal background and struggles. I was nervous to ask at first, but my inner child’s curiosity got the best of me and I rather excitedly asked â€Å"What obstacles have you had to overcome to get where you are today?† She laughed a little; I’m assuming at how embarrassed I looked, I must’ve been a little flushed because my face felt hot as I waited for an answer. She proudly said, â€Å"Going through my college years, I didn’t speak English until I came to America when I was 22 years old. I was raising two children, working full time for minimum wage at Subway to put myself through school. I was trying to learn English and all the dynamics that go into a dental hygiene program at the same time. There were nights I didn’t sleep, but I did it all to provide a better future for my family† (Adamitskaya). It was at this point in the interview I really felt a huge personal connection with Mrs. Lyudmila Adamitskaya. I told her that I, myself, had been working two jobs and putting myself through college full time and she simply replied with a soft smile, â€Å"All hard work has rewards† (Adamitskaya). After this significant quote, Mrs. Adamitskaya wasn’t just another dental hygienist I was interviewing; she became somebody I truly admired. But I had to know if all that she worked for paid off for her and if in her heart her expectations were fulfilled. I asked, â€Å"Were your expectations fulfilled when you entered your career field from what you thought it would be like in college?† She eagerly answered very quickly, â€Å"Yes! They were fulfilled for certain. I am very pleased with what I have achieved over the last ten years of working as a dental hygienist† (Adamitskaya). When she said that her expectations were fulfilled, it somehow made me feel much more relaxed about the career path I had finally decided I wanted to go with. I then asked her what her opinion was on the industry in terms of job openings for after I completed college. She hesitated; looking almost worried, and said, â€Å"It’s easier to find a part time job rather than a full time position because of the economy, but it is an ever growing field and will always expand† (Adamitskaya). Her words had a way of relaxing me almost instantly. Mrs. Lyudmila Adamitskaya was definitely a woman who I would love to go back to for a second, third or even fourth interview with. She was extremely honest, kind and opened up her office doors to me in a very warm and friendly environment. I thanked her for meeting with me, shook her hand again and told her that I would love to meet with her again in the future to talk about dental hygiene and the wonderful world of pediatric dentistry. She laughed at my humor and said to â€Å"stay in school.† I walked back to my car with a newfound confidence in my ability to interview somebody. What I took away from this experience was not only how to interview a person I wanted to know more about, but how to go with the natural flow of conversation to fulfill my own curiosity. I had tons of questions lined up on paper, but I realized when I got back to my car that I hadn’t asked any of the basic questions I had written on the paper. I found that it was much more natural to talk from what I honestly wanted to know than from what I brainstormed in the midst of cramming all of my homework into one night. I learned that interviewing really isn’t as difficult as it had seemed before. It takes determination as well as a sense of confidence and curiosity in the subject to conduct a successful interview. Interviewing, from this experience, showed me that it’s not just about the answers, but how carefully the questions are tailored to how the person responds to a statement that is made. I learned that interviewing is truly an art form in itself. Work Cited Adamitskaya, Lyudmila. Personal Interview. 24 Sept, 2012. Foster, Linda. â€Å"The Art of Interviewing.† 25 Sept, 2012.

Marijuana Should Be Legalized for Medicinal Purposes Essay -- Argument

Marijuana Should Be Legalized for Medicinal Purposes How would most Americans react if the law allowed the use of heroin, LSD, or amphetamines for medical purposes? Many of us would react in disbelief mainly because of the effects of these powerful and addictive drugs. However, in Arizona the law permits the use of heroin, LSD, and amphetamines for medicinal purposes, yet the medicinal use of marijuana remains illegal in the United States ("Facts"). Because marijuana is categorized as a Schedule 1 drug under the federal Controlled Substance Act ("Issues"), physicians cannot legally prescribe it. The national debate on the effectiveness of marijuana as medicine is divided between those who advocate marijuana's medicinal value and those who dismiss the claim that marijuana poses any medicinal value. Although many regard the use of medicinal marijuana as a hoax, there is evidence to the contrary that helps to create a substantial argument as to marijuana's ability to provide effective relief from certain symptoms of disease. Patients of t erminal or critical illnesses should be allowed, under the care and supervision of a physician, the option of using marijuana for medicinal purposes. First and foremost, the medical value of marijuana is primarily a means of relief from the symptoms associated with diseases themselves and their treatments, not a cure. Therefore, its therapeutic values are not based on a particular disease, but rather the symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and anorexia caused by loss of appetite and chronic pain. The exact reason why marijuana relieves such symptoms is not known but most likely lies in its organic composition and ingredients. Marijuana is made up of over 400 organic chemicals, 60 of which are... ...arijuana: the struggle for legalization." CNN Interactive. 1 Dec. 2013. http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/9702/weed.wars/issues/background/index.html. * "What is the treatment cost of medical marijuana vs. the cost of Merinol?" 2 Dec. 2013. http://medicalmarijuanaprocon.org/bin/procon/procon.cgi?database. * "Clinical Pharmacology of Marijuana." Workshop on the Medical Utility of Marijuana. 1 Dec. 2013. http://www.nih.gov/news/medmarijuana/MedicalMarijuana.htm#clinical. * "Medical Value and Use: Do many physicians support medical marijuana?" Medical Marijuana procon. 1 Dec. 2013. http://www.medicalmarijuanaprocon.org/bin/procon/procon.cgi?database=5-B-Subs-1.db&co * "Medical Value and Use: What are the benefits and risks of Merinol vs. marijuana?" Medical Marijuana procon. 2 Dec. 2013. http://www.medicalmarijuanaprocon.org/bin/procon/procon.cgi?database

Becoming a Police Officer Essay

Although being a police officer can be stressful, it can also be highly rewarding if public service is important to you. (Kara, 1999) When becoming a Police Officer, you are making a commitment to protect your community even if it means giving your life to do it. Despite what some people may think every police officer does their job they way they do it to make sure that your families are safe every night. Just like any job out there now a days you have to have an education. To be a police officer most places are now requiring a two degree. Going beyond a two year degree usually leaves you the opportunity to progress in your field of choice allowing for more job options. Being a Police Officer means that you have to first meet the requirements set forth by the department with which you are applying, have the unique set of skills to do your job efficiently, and you have to have the willingness to further your education to go further in your career. To be successful as a Police Officer there are some characteristics that you need. Some of these characteristics include having a level head, being able to think quickly on your feet, and have the ability to work well under pressure. You have to be able to work well with little to no supervision. This is a skill you need when working undercover and in the field. It is also important that you have self-confidence, and confidence in your ability to make decisions and take the lead in what could be a risky situation. Leadership skills are also important because the people of the community look to you to be able to solve issues and crime related issues. Having the capabilities to be a leader comes very important in the job as an officer. The whole community depends upon your ability to be a leader in their eyes. It’s highly important to have the ability to stay calm in highly stressful situations. If you are unable to stay calm in high pressure situations and emotional intense situations it will become hard for you to as an officer to function on a daily basis. Having patience (which can be difficult at times) and a good set of morals are also important skills an officer must have. An officer must be able to handle situations with patience and good communication skills. These come very handy while interviewing a suspect or even dealing with issues in the community. Having a good set of morals are important because as an officer of the law you must set the example and follow the laws yourself and not believe that you can get away with everything because you are above the law, because you are not. You are an enforcer of the law, so to enforce the law upon others you must also obey the laws yourself. You also should have a good sense of right and wrong to be able to encourage good behavi or to the public. The basic requirements to be a police officer are usually about the same, because most follow the civil service regulations when hiring officers. These requirements would include: Being a United States citizen, you have to be at least twenty-one years old, have a high school diploma or equivalent education, possess a valid driver’s license, and have no prior convictions. Now these are just the basics, most departments generally have more requirements, for example a lot of departments now require that you have at least an associate’s degree in criminal justice. Before you can begin working in a department as an officer you are generally required to attend a police academy which you must complete and pass to be qualified as a Police Officer. When you go through the police academy you are generally there from twelve to fourteen weeks, while there you must pass a physical fitness and written exam. While at the police academy educational wise, you will learn state ordinances and local laws, working with the public, constitutional laws, accident investigation, incident reporting, civil rights, mental preparation for hostility, and criminal psychology. Like most jobs you can learn all you want about a job but, you learn best by doing. Because police jobs are dangerous jobs they require specific training to succeed in the field. Work experience is done under the supervision of a training officer. The on the job training includes: using firearms, responding to emergencies, controlling traffic, CPR and first-aid, self-defense techniques, apprehension techniques, risk assessment, and role playing. All training is essential to be the best you can be at being an officer. All the training that is endured is important for you to be the person the community needs you to be. There are several opportunities for advancement in law enforcement. The police force ranking is clearly structured and goes as followed: Police constable, sergeant, inspector, chief inspector, superintendent, chief superintendent, assistant chief constable, deputy chief constable, and chief constable. Police constables have to complete a two year probationary period before they can be eligible for higher ranking. When the probationary period is over police constables are then able to apply for specialist units such as the fraud squad, fire arms, drug squad, child protection, criminal investigation department (CID) traffic, mounted branches, dog handlers, and underwater search units. Becoming a police officer is a process; you are tested physically and mentally. Being a police officer is an important job because those people are there for you, your family, and the community. Not only is education a requirement to being a police officer, but furthering that education will open up more opportunities in that field. To be a police officer it takes a number of skills to be the best you can be at your job. References AGCAS. (2012, January). Police officer career development. Retrieved from http://www.prospects.ac.uk/police_officer_career_development.htm Education Portal. (2003). Police officer: Educational requirements for police officers. Retrieved from http://education-portal.com/articles/Police_Officer_Educational_Requirements_for_Police_Officers.html What type of person can succeed in law enforcement. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.communitypolicing.org/law-enforcement-success

Role of Students in Pakistan Movement

Assignment #1 Subject: pak &Islamic studies Class: BSCS-1C Last Date: 01-10-2012. Max. Marks: 10 Instructor name: Dr. Mahboobullah Date: 17-09-2012 ———————————————————————————— Instructions: 1. The assignment is research base so general in formations will not be appreciated. 2. Do not write more than five pages. One side of the page is considered one page. 3. No such assignment will be accepted which reveals the struggle of a single person. 4.No late assignment will be accepted without unavoidable excuse. 5. No re-take of assignment. 6. Write on the following format. ——————————————————————————– Topic: Prop osed reforms in the present politics It is appreciated that the following points are discussed. 1. Definition of politics. 2. Politics with the relation of politics. 3. Politics in the golden ages of Islam. 4. The present political system. a. The leadership. b. The constitution. c. Implementation of rules and laws. d. Flaws in the constitution and legislative structure. 5.The proposed reforms. ——————— Good luck by the teacher Assignment no. 1 The topic: Name of the student: Class: Enrollment no: Assignment Date:Submission Date: Submitted to: Table of contents: Topic:page no. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Start of contents: References: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Assignment #2 Subject: pak &Islamic studies Class: BSCS-1C Time allowed: 18-10-2012. Max. Marks: 10 Instructor name: Dr. Mahboobullah Date: 27-09-2012 ———————— ———————————————————— Instructions: . The assignment is research base so general in formations will not be appreciated. 2. Do not write more than five pages. One side of the page is considered one page. 3. No such assignment will be accepted which reveals the struggle of a single person. 4. No late assignment will be accepted without unavoidable excuse. 5. No re-take of assignment. 6. Write on the following format. ——————————————————————————– Topic: Importance of morality teachings in educational institution 1. Importance of morality. 2.Emphasis of Islam on good morality. 3. Importance of good morality in curriculum. 4. The morality which should be included in educational institutions. ——————— Good luck by the teacher Assignment no. 2 The topic: Name of the student: Class: Enrollment no: Assignment Date:Submission Date: Submitted to: Table of contents: Topic:page no. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Start of contents: References: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Assignment #3 Subject: pak &Islamic studies Class: BSCS-1C Time allowed: 01-11-2012 Max.Marks: 10 Instructor name: Dr. Mahboobullah Date: 18-10-2012 ———————————————————————————— Instructions: 1. The assignment is research base so general in formations will not be appreciated. 2. Do not write more than five pages. One side of the page is considered one page. 3. No such assignment will be accepted which reveals the struggle of a single person. 4. No late assignment will be accepted without unavoidable excuse. 5. No re-take of assignment. 6.Write on the following format. —————————————————————————– — Topic: Loyalty with the family, educational institutions and your country 1. Loyalty and Islam. 2. Loyalty with the family.. 3. Loyalty with the educational institutions. 4. Loyalty with the country. ——————— Good luck by the teacher Assignment no. 3 The topic: Name of the student: Class: Enrollment no: Assignment Date:Submission Date: Submitted to: Table of contents: Topic:page no. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Start of contents:

Chemical Definition - Chemistry Glossary

Chemical Definition - Chemistry Glossary There are two definitions of the word chemical as the term is used in chemistry and common usage: Chemical Definition (adjective) As an adjective, the term chemical indicates a relationship to chemistry or to the interaction between substances. Used in a sentence: She studied chemical reactions.They determined the chemical composition of the soil. Chemical  Definition (noun) Everything which has mass is a chemical. Anything consisting of matter is a chemical. Any liquid, solid, gas. A chemical includes any pure substance; any mixture. Because this definition of a chemical is so broad, most people consider a pure substance (element or compound) to be a chemical, particularly if it is prepared in a laboratory. Examples of Chemicals Examples of things which are chemicals or consist of them include  water, pencil, air, carpet, light bulb, copper, bubbles, baking soda, and salt. Of these examples, water, copper, baking soda, and salt are pure substances (elements or chemical compounds. A pencil, air, carpet, a light bulb, and bubbles consist of multiple chemicals. Examples of things which are not chemicals include light, heat, and emotions.

Mitosis Quiz on Mitotic Cell Division

Mitosis Quiz on Mitotic Cell Division Mitosis Quiz This mitosis quiz is designed to test your knowledge of mitotic cell division. Cell division is a process that enables organisms to grow and reproduce. Dividing cells go through an ordered series of events called the cell cycle. Mitosis is a phase of the cell cycle in which the genetic material from a parent cell is divided equally between two daughter cells. Before a dividing cell enters mitosis it goes through a growth period called interphase. In this phase, the cell duplicates its genetic material and increases its organelles and cytoplasm. Next, the cell enters the mitotic phase. Through a sequence of steps, chromosomes are equally distributed to two daughter cells. Mitosis Stages Mitosis consists of several stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Finally, the dividing cell goes through cytokinesis (dividing of the cytoplasm) and two daughter cells are formed. Somatic cells, cells of the body other than sex cells, are reproduced by mitosis. These cells are diploid and contain two sets of chromosomes. Sex cells reproduce by a similar process called meiosis. These cells are haploid and contain one set of chromosomes. Do you know the phase of the cell cycle in which a cell spends 90 percent of its time? Test your knowledge of mitosis. To take the Mitosis Quiz, simply click on the Start The Quiz link below and select the correct answer for each question. JavaScript must be enabled to view this quiz. START THE MITOSIS QUIZ JavaScript must be enabled to view this quiz. To learn more about mitosis before taking the quiz, visit the Mitosis page. Mitosis Study Guide OverviewStages of MitosisMitosis AnimationMitosis Image GalleryGlossary of TermsQuiz

Does anonymity on the web give people too much freedom to torment Essay

Does anonymity on the web give people too much freedom to torment others - Essay Example Potential victims are also protected this way. Patients and parents, for instance, can talk about sensitive matters in open forums (Milner). Victims of discrimination and crimes can also speak out anonymously. Nowadays, there are uncountable chat rooms where people get to speak openly of how they feel about their jobs, spouses and even lifestyles. The debate on gender equality, for example, saw many women and men express themselves. Both uncivil and polite responses were accepted in the forum. This made it easy to reach quick decisions by hosts. As Milner claims, Anonymity can empower those who seek consolation and justice to speak out .Victims of rape, for example, can talk about their ordeal without the fear of rejection or shame. On the other hand, anonymous people can intimidate other web users or even go as far as stalking them. Bias motivated stalking and sexual invasion of privacy are a major menace that come with anonymity. The two interfere with other peoples employment and general lifestyle. People get a chance to be heard on the web through Anonymity. Before the invention of the internet, only influential people were fortunate enough to be listened to. Anonymity also ensures the protection of Democracy and civilian rights. Discussing political matters without anonymity would not be possible. This is because politicians are very influential people and therefore common individuals would not risk confrontation by expressing their views. People get to know what other people think concerning particular issues. On the other hand, people can take advantage and misuse their freedom of expression to hurt and threaten others on the web, an act called trolling. Trolling can be offensive, disturbing and at times shocking. Anonymity on the web only gives web users enough freedom to express themselves. Anonymity does not give people freedom to torment others. It is a privilege that needs not be interfered with. As

PETCO Develops Successful Stakeholder Relationships Case Study

PETCO Develops Successful Stakeholder Relationships - Case Study Example The third section of the article dealt with risks associated with the pet industry. The article mentioned that a single negative incident of animal neglecting, abuse, or mistreatment can taint the public image of a firm in this industry such as PETCO. The nest two sections of the article dealt specifically with PETCO discussing its ethical program and philanthropic initiatives. The article ended with PETCO recommendations and accomplishments. Answers to the three questions from the article are illustrated below. 1) How has Petco’s ethics and compliance program helped it deal with ethical misconduct? The ethics & compliance program has helped PETCO a lot to deal with ethical issues that occur while doing business. Ethics can be defined as a system of moral principles that deals with decisions of right or wrong (Reference, 2011). The ethics program states that the company should treat the animals with utmost care and it should respect the customer’s privacy. The code of e thics addresses other areas including selling, advertising, pricing, and buying practices. Based on the ethics program the company the employee cannot push a sale on a customer for a particular brand, since the employees are supposed to explain the pros and cons of each brand so that the customer can make an informed decision on their own. The company implemented correction action measures whenever harassment and mistreatments occurs in the company to either humans or animals. Ethical decisions are influenced by organizational culture (Ferrel, et. al, 2011). The ethics program of the firm also addresses drug abuse, asset protection, and violence in the workplace. The organization has implemented measures for associate, vendor, and customer protection. Conflict of interest scenarios have been included in the code of ethics which provides guidelines for the employees when they are faced with these types of situations. If the customer is involved in a potential conflict of interest the employees are supposed to relay the information to the manager so that the manager can make the final decision on how to proceed and fix the situation. The employees of the company are prohibited from receiving gifts from suppliers, vendors, or customers. Supervisors and their immediate family are not supposed to invest in vendor companies without prior approval from PETCO’s ethics committee. The code of ethics also addresses concerns such as employee safety, wage laws and reporting time worked. The supervisors are supposed to act as role model for the organization. 2) How do you think re-privatizing the company will help PETCO’s performance? Or do you think it hurt the company overall? The decision to turn PETCO from a public company back to a private firm in my opinion was not warranted. The re-privatizing decision did not add any value to the organization. By privatizing the company the firm lost its ability to raise large sums of capital through the sale of common stocks in the open market. Public companies have greater recognition in the market and the fact they are listed on major public exchanges such as NYSE creates free word of mouth advertising for the company. I thought it was unethical when the company re-privatized and it did follow a Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) mandate that was pending because once the company stopped being public the SEC had no jurisdiction over them. The case study did not show any specific